15 research outputs found

    Big Data in the Cloud: A Survey

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    Big Data has become a hot topic across several business areas requiring the storage and processing of huge volumes of data. Cloud computing leverages Big Data by providing high storage and processing capabilities and enables corporations to consume resources in a pay-as-you-go model making clouds the optimal environment for storing and processing huge quantities of data. By using virtualized resources, Cloud can scale very easily, be highly available and provide massive storage capacity and processing power. This paper surveys existing databases models to store and process Big Data within a Cloud environment. Particularly, we detail the following traditional NoSQL databases: BigTable, Cassandra, DynamoDB, HBase, Hypertable, and MongoDB. The MapReduce framework and its developments Apache Spark, HaLoop, Twister, and other alternatives such as Apache Giraph, GraphLab, Pregel and MapD - a novel platform that uses GPU processing to accelerate Big Data processing - are also analyzed. Finally, we present two case studies that demonstrate the successful use of Big Data within Cloud environments and the challenges that must be addressed in the future

    Sistema de recomendação inteligente para uma plataforma de e-Learning

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    As plataformas de e-Learning são cada vez mais utilizadas na educação à distância, facto que se encontra diretamente relacionado com a possibilidade de proporcionarem aos seus alunos a valência de poderem assistir a cursos em qualquer lugar. Dentro do âmbito das plataformas de e-Learning encontra-se um grupo especialmente interessante: as plataformas adaptativas, que tendem a substituir o professor (presencial) através de interatividade, variabilidade de conteúdos, automatização e capacidade para resolução de problemas e simulação de comportamentos educacionais. O projeto ADAPT (plataforma adaptativa de e-Learning) consiste na criação de uma destas plataformas, implementando tutoria inteligente, resolução de problemas com base em experiências passadas, algoritmos genéticos e link-mining. É na área de link-mining que surge o desenvolvimento desta dissertação que documenta o desenvolvimento de quatro módulos distintos: O primeiro módulo consiste num motor de busca para sugestão de conteúdos alternativos; o segundo módulo consiste na identificação de mudanças de estilo de aprendizagem; o terceiro módulo consiste numa plataforma de análise de dados que implementa várias técnicas de data mining e estatística para fornecer aos professores/tutores informações importantes que não seriam visíveis sem recurso a este tipo de técnicas; por fim, o último módulo consiste num sistema de recomendações que sugere aos alunos os artigos mais adequados com base nas consultas de alunos com perfis semelhantes. Esta tese documenta o desenvolvimento dos vários protótipos para cada um destes módulos. Os testes efetuados para cada módulo mostram que as metodologias utilizadas são válidas e viáveis

    Aspectos sobre os métodos de refração sísmica

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    Os métodos de interpretação de refração sísmica têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos ao longo dos anos em paralelo com o aumento da capacidade de cálculo numérico. Inicialmente, foi desenvolvido o método tempo de intercepção, seguido por outros métodos mais robustos. A refracção sísmica tem sido aplicada em diversas áreas, nomeadamente em engenharia civil, ambiente, prospecção de petróleo, e arqueologia. Neste artigo são avaliados os resultados obtidos por alguns métodos, nomeadamente, o método tempo de intercepção, Plus-Minus, GRM e tomografia sísmica. Demonstra-se que é possível aplicar todos os métodos, dependendo unicamente do grau de exigência do objectivo, que pode passar pelo nível de resolução, ter em conta ou não a variabilidade lateral de velocidade, ou o tempo de realização das tarefas tanto em campo e como no processamento. São ainda apresentadas as vantagens e desvantagens para cada método bem como alguns pormenores de processamento e técnicas de aquisição de dados no campo

    O relacionamento entre pessoas e serpentes no leste de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil

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    O conhecimento popular sobre as serpentes, incluindo as práticas adotadas em casos de acidentes ofídicos, foi abordado neste estudo etnozoológico realizado na região de Araponga e entorno da Serra do Brigadeiro, Mata Atlântica do Estado de Minas Gerais, região Sudeste do Brasil. Entre agosto e novembro de 2008 foram realizadas entrevistas com 50 moradores da zona rural de Araponga e 20 funcionários do Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro (PESB). Em relação ao perfil cultural e social, os grupos avaliados diferiram entre si somente quanto ao nível de escolaridade (maior entre os funcionários do parque), apresentando as mesmas distribuições em relação a idade e religião. Também se verificou menor nível de escolaridade entre os indivíduos mais velhos. Em geral, ambos os grupos de entrevistados demonstraram conhecimento adequado sobre prevenção e procedimentos em casos de acidente ofídico (78,2% afirmaram procurar atendimento médico em caso de ofidismo). A utilização de substâncias da medicina popular para tratamento de acidentes ofídicos mostrou-se uma prática em desuso, relatada por aproximadamente 21% dos entrevistados. A maioria dos entrevistados (57,14%) afirmou não saber diferenciar uma serpente peçonhenta de uma não peçonhenta, e 66,67% demonstraram reconhecer o período chuvoso como aquele com maior frequência no encontro com serpentes. O grupo "Araponga" mostrou-se mais hostil em relação a encontros com serpentes, com 43% dos indivíduos afirmando matarem o animal, contra apenas 5% do grupo "PESB". A escolaridade do entrevistado foi decisiva no tipo de atitude tomada diante das serpentes, sendo menos hostis os indivíduos mais instruídos. Pessoas com menos escolaridade apresentaram maior tendência a considerar todas as serpentes como perigosas, e estas se mostraram também mais hostis com estes animais. O maior contato com atividades científicas e educativo-ambientais parece ter sido decisivo para a maior tolerância com as serpentes por parte do grupo "PESB". A realização de atividades de educação-ambiental com a população das comunidades de Araponga pode ampliar a conscientização quanto à importância das serpentes, instruindo aqueles que ainda as consideram indiscriminadamente nocivas.The popular knowledge about snakes, including the practices adopted in cases of snakebite, was analysed in this ethnozoological study performed in Araponga region and vicinities of Serra do Brigadeiro (Brigadeiro Mountain Range), Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. Between August and November 2008, interviews were conducted with 50 residents of rural areas of Araponga, and 20 employees of the Serra do Brigadeiro State Park (PESB). In relation to social and cultural profile, these two groups differed only on the level of education (higher among the park staff), with the same distributions for age and religion. There was also a lower level of education among older individuals, a possible reflection of improvements in the social conditions in that region, which would have provided greater access to schools in recent decades. In general, both groups demonstrated adequate knowledge about prevention and procedures in cases of snakebite (78.2% reported seeking medical attention in case of snakebite). The use of folk medicine for treatment of snakebite proved to be a practice falling into disuse, reported by approximately 21% of respondents. Most respondents (57.14%) said they did not know the difference between a poisonous and a non-poisonous snake, and 66.67% showed adequate knowledge of the season when snake encounters are more likely to happen. The "Araponga" group was more hostile concerning to possible encounters with snakes, with 43% of people saying they would kill the animal, against 5% in the "PESB" group. The educational level of the respondents was decisive in determining the kind of attitude taken against snakes, and those with higher levels of education showed to be the less hostile ones. People with lower educational levels were more likely to consider all snakes as dangerous, and they also proved to be more hostile to these animals. More contact with scientific and environmental education activities seems to have been decisive for the higher tolerance to snakes by the "PESB" group. The implementation of activities of environmental education for the population of Araponga can increase the awareness of the importance of snakes, instructing those who still consider them intrinsically harmful

    SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

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    Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Detection of bovine Babesiosis in Mozambique by a novel seminested hot-start PCR method.

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    Babesiosis is a tick borne disease (TBD) caused by parasites of the genus Babesia, with considerable worldwide economic, medical, and veterinary impact. Bovine babesiosis and other TBDs were considered responsible for 50% of the deaths of cattle that occurred in Mozambique in the first year after importation from neighbouring countries. Here, we present the detection of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis in cattle from Mozambique using two distinct PCR methods. For this study, blood samples were collected in one farm located near Maputo city. The DNA samples were analyzed using a previously described nested PCR and a novel hot-start PCR method. Primers were selected for the hot-start PCR based on the putative gene of an undescribed aspartic protease named babesipsin, present in both B. bovis and B. bigemina. The combination of hot-start polymerase and long primers (29–31 bp) were in this study determinant for the successful amplification and detection in only one PCR. With a seminested approach the sensitivity was further increased. The babesipsin seminested hot-start PCR was in this study more sensitive than the nested PCR. A total of 117 field samples were tested by seminested hot-start PCR, and 104 were positive for B. bigemina (90%), 97 were positive for B. bovis (82%), 86 were mixed infections (52%) and only 2 were negative for both Babesia species (1.7%). The results confirm that this area of Mozambique is endemic for babesiosis, and that this TBD should be regarded as a threat for imported cattle
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